Sinopsis

The objective of this guide is to provide a practical summary regarding current knowledge and understanding of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS). The information presented is focused on clinically relevant and practical information to help field veterinarians and farm team personnel interested in animal health.

Índice

1. Introduction

Brief history
Agent
Structure

Small
Enveloped
Shape
Single strand RNA
Nine open read fragments
(ORFs 1a, 1b, 2, 2b, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7)

2. Economic impact
Economic impact of PRRS

3. Clinical signs
Clinical signs of PRRS

General clinical signs
Reproductive clinical signs
Respiratory clinical signs


4. Pathogenesis
Tissue tropism
Lesions

Lung
Lymph nodes
Other lesions


5. Epidemiology
PRRSv epidemiologic characteristics

Highly infectious
Low transmission potential

Incubation time
Routes of transmission
Persistent infections
Mutations and quasispecies
Subpopulations


6. Immunity
Introduction
Innate immunity

Definitions

Adaptive cell-mediated immunity
Humoral immunity
Maternal immunity
Cross-protection


7. Diagnostic tests
Agent detection

Best samples
Histopathology
Virus isolation (VI)
Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)
Direct fluorescent antibody test (FA)
Immunohistochemistry (IHC)
Genetic sequencing
Restriction fragment length polymorphism
(RFLP)

Antibody detection

Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)
Serum virus neutralization (SVN or SN)
Indirect fluorescent antibody assay (IFA)
Immunoperoxidase monolayer assay (IPMA)

8. Herd monitoring
Monitoring program design

Serum
Oral fluids
Herd classification
Important notes regarding breeding herd
classification


9. Biosecurity
PRRSv resistance in the environment

Environmental stability
Water and manure
Pork meat
Vectors

Biosecurity practices
PADRAP


10. Control and elimination
Role of vaccines

Killed vaccines
Modified live virus (MLV) vaccines

Basics of control

McRebel program
Herd closure
Homogenize

PrRsv elimination

AASV position statement regarding PRRS
Depopulation and repopulation (depop-repop)
Test and removal
Herd rollover
Regional elimination